Perioperative Nursing Care Practice Test

Regular exercise is not considered a risk factor for atelectasis because it generally supports lung function and improves overall respiratory health. Engaging in regular physical activity enhances lung capacity, strengthens the respiratory muscles, and promotes effective airway clearance, which can help prevent the collapse of alveoli (a condition known as atelectasis). In fact, patients who are regularly active often have better lung function and are less likely to experience respiratory complications postoperatively.

In contrast, advanced age, smoking history, and obesity are recognized risk factors for atelectasis. Advanced age can lead to decreased lung elasticity and impaired respiratory mechanics. A smoking history contributes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other lung dysfunctions, which can increase the risk of atelectasis. Obesity can lead to impaired respiratory function due to the increased weight on the diaphragm as well as alterations in lung volume, making it harder for individuals to expand their lungs fully. Thus, while risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing atelectasis, regular exercise is protective.