What is a potential complication of an over-distended bladder?

Over-distension of the bladder can lead to a range of complications, and confusion along with muscle relaxation issues is one of them. When the bladder becomes overly full, it can stretch beyond its normal capacity, which might disrupt the normal signaling between the bladder and the nervous system. This disruption can result in confusion, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, as well as a decrease in the ability to control bladder contractions properly.

In terms of the physiological response, an over-distended bladder can inhibit the bladder wall's ability to contract effectively, causing relaxation of the muscles involved in voiding. This can lead to symptoms such as urgency and increased discomfort, as well as cognitive changes like confusion, especially if the individual is unable to void.

The potential for confusion arises from the body's response to discomfort and the impact of the condition on mental clarity. Further, if the bladder remains distended for a prolonged period, it can lead to more severe complications, including urinary retention and potential kidney issues, but the immediate manifestation in a patient may be confusion and lack of coordination due to muscle issues. Hence, recognizing the signs and symptoms associated with bladder over-distension is critical for timely intervention in perioperative nursing practice.